C++. Working with strings. Class System.String




Working with strings. Class System.String



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Class System.String represents text as a series of Unicode characters.

1. How initialize the variable of type “String“?
String ^s1 = "873"; // s1 = "873"


2. How to clear string of type “String“?
String ^s1 = "Hello!";
String ^s2;
s2 = s1;          // s2 = "Hello!"
s2 = s1->Empty;   // s2 = ""


3. How to determine whether two strings are equal?
String ^s1 = "Hello!";
String ^s2 = "Hello!";
int res;
if (s1 == s2) res = 1;
else res = 0;


4. How to compare two string of type “string” in lexicographical order?

In this case it is needed to use method Compare(). Method returns -1, 0 or 1. In the given example is shown the result of work the method.

String ^s1 = "Hello!";
String ^s2 = "Hello";
int res;
res = s1->Compare(s1,s2); // res = 1
res = s2->Compare(s2,s1); // res = -1
res = s2->Compare(s1,s2); // res = 1
s2 = s1;
res = s1->Compare(s1,s2); // res = 0
res = s1->Compare(s2,s1); // res = 0






5. How combine two strings of type “string”?
Way #1. Method Concat().
String ^s1 = "Hello ";
String ^s2 = "world!";
String ^s3;
s3 = s1->Concat(s1,s2); // s3 = "Hello world!"
Way #2. Operator “+“.
String ^s1 = "Hello ";
String ^s2 = "world!";
String ^s3;
s3 = s1 + s2;  // s3 = "Hello world!"


6. How copy one string into another string?

Way #1. Assignment operator.

String ^s1 = "My String";
String ^s2;
s2 = s1;     // s2 = "My String"

Way #2. Method Copy().

String ^s1 = "MyString ";
String ^s2;
s2 = s1->Copy(s1);    // s2 = "My String"


7. Inserting a substring starting at the specified index. Method Insert().

To insert a substring need to use method Insert(). Method gets two parameters. First parameter is position of index in string, from which inserting is done (strarts with 0). Second parameter – text of the same string.

String ^s1 = "123789";
String ^s2;
s2 = s1->Insert(3, "456"); // s2 = "123456789"
s1 = "123789";
s2 = s1->Insert(0, "456"); // s2 = "456123789"

// error with message:
// "Specified argument was out of the range of valid values"
// "Parameter name: startIndex"
// s2 = s1->Insert(19, "456");

If set the index to out of range, then will be generated exception.


8. Finding and returning the index of the first occurrence of a substring in the given string.

This is realized by method IndexOf(). If substring is found in the string then method returns a position of first occurrence. Otherwise method returns -1. Method has the overloaded realizations.

String ^s1 = "Hello world!";
int index;
index = s1->IndexOf("wor"); // index =  6
index = s1->IndexOf("ab");  // index = -1

index = s1->IndexOf("wor",7); // index = -1 - search from position 7
index = s1->IndexOf("wor",0); // index = 6 - search from position 0

// search starts from specified index (3)
// and being verified the specified number of characters (5)
index = s1->IndexOf("wo",3,5); // index = 6


9. Search the index of last occurrence of substring in the string by method LastIndexOf().
String ^s1 = "text-text-text";
int index;
index = s1->LastIndexOf("text"); // index = 10


10. How to define the length of string?

To define the length of string (number of characters) is used property Length.

String ^s1 = "abcdef";
int len;
len = s1->Length; // len = 6
s1 = "";
len = s1->Length; // len = 0


11. Creating a string of predetermined width. Demonstration of functions PadLeft() and PadRight().

Functions PadLeft() and PadRight() are used for creating the formatted string, in which the right positions and left positions are filled by spaces.

String ^s1 = "abc";
String ^s2;
s2 = s1->PadLeft(5); // s2 = " abc"
s2 = s1->PadLeft(2); // s2 = "abc"
s2 = s1->PadLeft(9); // s2 = "     abc"

// error "Non-negative number required."
// s2 = s1->PadLeft(-2);
s2 = s1->PadRight(3); // s2 = "abc"
s2 = s1->PadRight(8); // s2 = "abc    "


12. Deleting the specified number of characters from string by method Remove().
String ^s1 = "0123456789";
String ^s2;
s2 = s1->Remove(3,2); // s2 = "01256789"


13. Replacing the characters in string. Method Replace().
String ^s1 = "0123456789";
String ^s2;
s2 = s1->Replace(s1,"22"); // s2 = "22"


14. How to select the substring in string. Method Substring().

Method Substring() has two realizations.

String ^s1 = "Automobile";
String ^s2;

// way #1 - Selection the substring from given position to the end of string.
s2 = s1->Substring(4); // s2 = "mobile"

// way #2 - Selection the substring from given position (parameter #1)
// to the specified number of characters (parameter #2)
s2 = s1->Substring(0,4); // s2 = "Auto"


15. Converting the string into the integer which represented as number. Method Parse().
// String => int
int i;
String ^s1 = "280";
i = i.Parse(s1);    // i = 280
i = i.Parse("-32"); // i = -32


16. Converting the integer into string. Method ToString().
int i;
String ^s1;
// int => String
i = 350;
s1 = i.ToString(); // s1 = 350


17. Converting string into the floating point number.

When you convert string into corresponding real number, it is important to take into account the character encoding.

// String => double
double x;
String ^s1;
s1 = "12,87";
x = x.Parse(s1); // x = 12.87


18. Converting the floating point number into string.
// double => String
double x;
String ^s1;
x = -3.568;
s1 = x.ToString(); // s1 = "-3.568


19. Converting the string into the value of “bool” type.
// String => bool
bool b;
String ^s1;
s1 = "true";
b = b.Parse(s1); // b = True


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